List of alchemical substances | Wikipedia audio article

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SUMMARY
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Alchemical studies produced a number of substances, which were later classified as particular chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds.
Many of these terms were in common use into the 20th century.
Aqua Fortis – nitric acid, formed by 2 parts saltpetre in 1 part (pure) oil of vitriol (sulfuric acid). (Historically, this process could not have been used, as 98% oil of vitriol was not available.)
Aqua Ragia/Spirit of turpentine/Oil of turpentine/Gum turpentine – turpentine, formed by the distillation of pine tree resin
Aqua Regia (Latin: "royal water") – a mixture of aqua fortis and spirit of salt
Aqua Tofani – arsenic trioxide, As2O3 (extremely poisonous)
Aqua vitae/Spirit of Wine – ethanol, formed by distilling wine
Aurum - gold
Azoth - initially this referred to a supposed universal solvent but later became another name for Mercury
Bismuth (German: Wismuth)
Bitumen - highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum
Blende
Blue Vitriol/Bluestone – A mineral; copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate.
Brimstone – sulfurFlowers of sulfur – formed by distilling sulfur.Butter (or oil) of antimony – antimony trichloride. Formed by distilling roasted stibnite with corrosive sublimate, or dissolving stibnite in hot concentrated hydrochloric acid and distilling. SbCl3
Cadmia/Tuttia/Tutty – probably zinc carbonate
Calamine – zinc carbonate
Calomel/Horn Quicksilver/horn mercury – mercury(I) chloride, a very poisonous purgative formed by subliming a mixture of mercuric chloride and metallic mercury, triturated in a mortar and heated in an iron pot. The crust formed on the lid was ground to powder and boiled with water to remove the calomel.
Caustic potash/Caustic Wood Alkali – potassium hydroxide, formed by adding lime to potash
Caustic Soda/Caustic Marine Alkali – sodium hydroxide, NaOH, formed by adding lime to natron
Caustic Volatile Alkali – ammonium hydroxide
Chalk – a rock composed of porous biogenic calcium carbonate, CaCO3
Chrome green – chromic oxide and cobalt oxide
Chrome orange – chrome yellow and chrome red
Chrome red – basic lead chromate – PbCrO4+PbO
Chrome yellow/Paris Yellow/Leipzig Yellow – lead chromate, PbCrO4
Cinnabar/Vermilion – refers to several substances, among them: mercury(II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion (the common ore of mercury).
Copper Glance – copper(I) sulfide ore.
Corrosive sublimate – mercuric chloride, formed by subliming mercury, calcined green vitriol, common salt, and nitre
Cuprite – copper(I) oxide ore
Dutch White – a pigment, formed from one part of white lead to three of barium sulfate, BaSO4
Flowers of antimony – antimony trioxide, formed by roasting stibnite at high temperature and condensing the white fumes that form. SbO3
Fool's gold – a mineral, iron disulfide or pyrite; can form oil of vitriol on contact with water and air.
Fulminating silver – silver nitride, formed by dissolving silver(I) oxide in ammonia. Very explosive when dry.
Fulminating gold – gold hydrazide, formed by adding ammonia to the auric hydroxide. When dry, can explode on concussion.
Fulminating gold – unstable gold carbonate formed by precipitation by potash from gold dissolved in aqua regia
Galena – lead(II) sulfide. Lead ore.
Glass of antimony – impure antimony tetroxide, SbO4 formed by roasting stibnite. A yellow pigment for glass and porcelain.
Glauber's Salt – sodium sulfate. Na2SO4
Green Vitriol – a mineral; iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate. (or ferrous sulfate)Marcasite – a mineral; iron disulfide. In moist air it turns into green vitriol, FeSO4.
Rouge/Crocus/Colcothar – ferric oxide, formed by burning green vitriol in airGum Arabic – gum from the acacia tree
Gypsum �� ...

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